Biomechanics and Control of Landing in Toads

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SYMPOSIUM Biomechanics and Control of Landing in Toads

Synopsis Anything that jumps must land, but unlike during jumping when muscles produce energy to accelerate the body into the air, controlled landing requires muscles to dissipate energy and decelerate the body. Among anurans, toads (genus Bufo) exhibit highly coordinated landing behaviors, using their forelimbs to stabilize the body after touch-down as they lower their hindlimbs to the ground....

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Forelimb kinematics during hopping and landing in toads.

Coordinated landing in a variety of animals involves the re-positioning of limbs prior to impact to safely decelerate the body. However, limb kinematics strategies for landing vary considerably among species. For example, human legs are increasingly flexed before impact as drop height increases, while turkeys increasingly extend their legs before impact with increasing drop height. In anurans, ...

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Sensory feedback and coordinating asymmetrical landing in toads.

Coordinated landing requires anticipating the timing and magnitude of impact, which in turn requires sensory input. To better understand how cane toads, well known for coordinated landing, prioritize visual versus vestibular feedback during hopping, we recorded forelimb joint angle patterns and electromyographic data from five animals hopping under two conditions that were designed to force ani...

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Reduce torques and stick the landing: limb posture during landing in toads.

A controlled landing, where an animal does not crash or topple, requires enough stability to allow muscles to effectively dissipate mechanical energy. Toads (Rhinella marina) are exemplary models for understanding the mechanics and motor control of landing given their ability to land consistently during bouts of continuous hopping. Previous studies in anurans have shown that ground reaction for...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Integrative and Comparative Biology

سال: 2014

ISSN: 1540-7063,1557-7023

DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu053